Referencing
APA
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is an author-date, parenthetical referencing system, in which citations are enclosed within parentheses (brackets) and embedded in the paragraph. Full bibliographic information for each citation is provided at the end of the essay or work in a References List.
The authoritative source for APA style is Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 2010, which is available from the Library.
It is recommended you check with your department that your reference style is appropriate for your assignment.
Formatting in-text citation
Citations will commonly appear in the parenthetical
referencing format:
(Author, Year).
In-text citations can also be presented in the form: [Author] conducted a study on… (Year).
Alternatively: [Author] (Year) found that….
It is a good idea to vary the use of this type of citation within an essay to make it easier to read.
ACS
» ACS referencing guideIt is recommended you check with your department that your reference style is appropriate for your assignment.
Formatting in-text citation
By author name and year of publication in parentheses.:
one author: (Smith,
1998)
two authors: (Smith
and Green, 1996)
more than two authors: (Platt et al., 2004)
With superscript numbers.:
... shown by the evidence 2
With italic numbers on the line and in parentheses.:
.... shown by the evidence (3)
Referencing Tools
Using referencing software can save time by helping you create and manage your references. Bibliographic records can be imported from library catalogues, databases and Google Scholar and reused in word processing software, to create in-text citations or footnotes and automatic reference lists and bibliographies in a consistent format.
See the Library guide for...Other Useful Tools
» BibMe
(MLA, APA, Chicago, or Turabian)
» WorldCat
(MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard or Turabian)
Please note that it is your responsibility to ensure that these tools have formatted your material correctly.
Key Resources
Subject DatabasesAmerican Chemical Society (ACS) Journals
Engineering Village2
ISI Web of Science
ScienceDirect (Elsevier)
Wiley Online Library
Databases (5)
Encyclopedias (8)
Websites (3)
Guides
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