See Also
Earth & Ocean Sciences
Environment Sciences at Waikato University
Referencing quick guide: Harvard Science
Referencing
Harvard
The Harvard referencing style uses an in text Author/Date citation, which can either be displayed as a parenthetical citation at the end of a sentence, or included as part of a statement. Page numbers may or may not be included, depending on the specificity of the reference.
Differences in layout, capitalization and punctuation are acceptable provided they are used consistently within the document, but it is recommended that you consult your department about which style is appropriate. The style variation specific to your subject may also be found under SEE ALSO (on the Overview Tab) or details can be provided by your subject librarian.
APA
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is an author-date, parenthetical referencing system, in which citations are enclosed within parentheses (brackets) and embedded in the paragraph. Full bibliographic information for each citation is provided at the end of the essay or work in a References List.
The authoritative source for APA style is Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 2010, which is available from the Library.
It is recommended you check with your department that your reference style is appropriate for your assignment.
Formatting in-text citation
Citations will commonly appear in the parenthetical
referencing format:
(Author, Year).
In-text citations can also be presented in the form: [Author] conducted a study on… (Year).
Alternatively: [Author] (Year) found that….
It is a good idea to vary the use of this type of citation within an essay to make it easier to read.
Referencing Tools
Using referencing software can save time by helping you create and manage your references. Bibliographic records can be imported from library catalogues, databases and Google Scholar and reused in word processing software, to create in-text citations or footnotes and automatic reference lists and bibliographies in a consistent format.
See the Library guide for...Other Useful Tools
» BibMe
(MLA, APA, Chicago, or Turabian)
» WorldCat
(MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard or Turabian)
Please note that it is your responsibility to ensure that these tools have formatted your material correctly.
Key Resources
Subject DatabasesISI Web of Science
NZ Science
Proquest Science Journals
RMA-net (New Zealand’s Environmental Law online)
Databases (4)
New Zealand Databases (1)
Guides
Evaluating Websites Finding Journal Articles Glossary of Library Terms Search Strategies Using the Library Catalogue
